Molecular "traffic signals" control cell migration in embryos

cross-section through a chicken embryo at forelimb levels showing the distribution of Pax7+ muscle precursors EGFP+ limb mesoderm EphA4 protein

Each day, commuters take to the streets as they make their way to work. This morning migration is dictated by stop signs and traffic signals, which serve to control the flow and ensure that all commuters get to their final destinations. According to one University of Missouri-Columbia researcher, a similar process occurs during early embryonic development, and learning more about it could lead to treatments for cancer, muscular dystrophy and spinal cord injuries.

"Just as highway traffic is controlled by signs and signals, cell migration also is guided by molecular signals that tell cells where to go and how to grow," said Cathy Krull, assistant professor of Biological Sciences. "If we can learn how the cells are guided and how they respond, we might be able to use that information to find new treatments for a number of diseases."

In the cover article [ abstract ] of the December 2001 issue of Development, Krull reported that members of one particular family of molecules appear to control the movement and dispersal of muscle precursor cells in chicken embryos. This finding has strong ties to another of Krull’s projects.

"We’ve also found that these molecules play a role in the migration of neural crest, a group of cells that eventually give rise to a portion of the nervous system," she said. "By learning more about these molecules and the role they play in the basic processes of early embryonic development, we’ll be able to provide information for use in remediating degenerative diseases and injury."

As for specific diseases, Krull said cancer treatments might be created using a molecular "stop sign" that inhibits tumor growth. In the treatment of muscular dystrophy, targeted gene therapy could restore the connections between muscles and nerves that are needed for proper function. Similarly, damaged spinal cords could be reconnected to regain function.

"Although these are foreseeable goals for the future, there is still much work to be done," she said. "We still need more basic research."

The National Institutes of Health, the Muscular Dystrophy Association and the March of Dimes have funded Krull’s research.

Additional links:

Division of Biological Sciences

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