Manuscripts in progress

Publications
(since 1990; please see C.V. for full details.)

Monographs

1991 Expert Systems (sr. author with Edward Brent, Louanna Furbee), Sage Press, Newbury Park, CA.

Articles and Chapters
(includes selected recent refereed abstracts):

2002 The role of occlusal stress and gingival infection in the formation of exostosis on mandible and maxilla from Neolithic China (2nd author with Ekaterina Pechenkina), Homo 53:112-150.

2001 Diet and Health Changes with the Intensification of Millet Agriculture at the End of the Chinese Neolithic (second author with Ekaterina A. Pechenkina and Wang Zhijun), American Journal of Physical Anthropology 116:15-36.

2001 Bootstrap methods for sex determination from the Os coxae using the ID3 algorithm (last author with McBride DG, Dietz MJ, Vennemeyer MT, Meadors SA Benfer RA, Furbee NL .), Journal of Forensic Sciences 46:427-431.

2001 Multivariate Morphometry: Advantages of Direct Anlysis of 3-Dimensional Coordinates of the Human Skull Referred to Functionally Important Planes (junior author with D. G. McBride), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 30:223-224.

2001 Estimating Missing Data: an Iterative Regression Approach (junior author with Brigitte Holt) Journal of Human Evolution, 39: 289-296

n.d. Benfer RA Jr., Furbee NL. Acceptability of Indigenous and Western Methods of Curing by Herders in the Southern Andes (In Spanish), Boletín de Lima, in press.

2000 Pechenkina KA, Benfer RA Jr., Vershoubskaya GG, and Kozlov AI Genetic and Environmental Influence on the Asymmetry of Dermatoglphyic Traits, Amer. J. of Phys. Anthrop. 111:531-543.

2000 Multivariate morphometry: advantages of direct analysis of 3-dimensional coordinates of the human skull referred to functionally important planes (jr. author with D. G. McBride), Amer. J. of Phys. Anthrop. Supplement 30:223-234.

1999 Proyecto de Excavaciones en Paloma: El Valle de Chilca, Perú, El Periódo Arcaico en el Perú. Hacia una definición de los orígenes, Boletin de Arqueologia PUCP 3:213-237. Lima, Perú.

1999 Phytolith Morphology (third author with DR Piperno, DM Pearsall, L Kealhofer, Zhijun Zhao, and Q. Jiang), Science (Letter) 283:1265-1266.

1999 Keeping alive children who are failing to thrive in an Archaic fishing village in Coastal Perú, Amer. J. of Phys. Anthrop. Supplement 2 8:90-91.

1999 A test of methods for sex determination for the os coxae using the ID3 algorithm (jr. author with D.G. McBride, M.T. Vennemeyer, M.J. Dietz, and S.A. Meadors), Amer. J. of Phys.Anthrop. Supplement 24:74.28:194.

1999 The Identification of the Remains of Don Francisco Pizzaro (senior author with Hugo Ludeñ a R.) Forensic Osteological Analysis: A Book of Case Studies, ed by Scott I. Fairgrieve, Charles C Thomas, pp. 107-128.

1998 Zhao, Zhijun, Deborah M. Pearsall, Robert A. Benfer, Jr., and Dolores R. Piperno Distinguishing Rice (Orza sativa Poaceae) from Wild Orza Species Through Phytolith Analysis, II: Finalized Method. Economic Botany 52:134-145.

1997 Evaluating Archaeological Hypotheses of Population Growth and Decline on the Central Coast of Perú, (second author with Joseph A. Vradenburg and Lisa Sattenspiel), In Integrating Archaeological Demography: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Prehistoric Population, ed. by Richard R. Paine, Occasional Paper No. 24, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, pp. 150-174.

1997 Paloma Tomb (poem) Special 75th anniversary issue of Science News 151:S9.

1997 Where stature estimated from regression of limb bone length is inappropriate. Amer. J. of Phys. Anthrop. Supplement 24:74.

1997 PalomaWorld, http://coas.missouri.edu/paloma/, the first archaeological digital library

1996 The Emergence of color Cognition from Color Perception (fourth author with N. Louanna Furbee, Kelly Maynard, J. Jerome Smith, Sarah Quick, and Larry Ross) J. of Linguistic Anthropology 6:1-18.

1996 Expert Systems and the Representation of Knowledge (senior author with Louanna Furbee and Edward E. Brent Jr.) American Ethnologist 23:416-420.

1996 Science and Antiscience, Anthropology Newsletter April:75-76.

1996 Can Indigenous Knowledge be Brokered without Scientific Understanding of the Community Structure and Distribution of that Knowledge? (senior author with Louanna Furbee), Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 4:29-30.

1995 Multiple Linear Discriminant Function, Multidimensional Scaling, and Individual Pathways for Developing Knowledge Based Systems, pp. 464-466 in Proceedings of PACES '95, Ed. by Fan-Lun Xiong, Jae Kyu Lee, and Riichiro Mizoguchi, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, China.

1995 Age of Pregnancies and Age of Weaning from Prehistoric Bone: Are Sr and Zn Indicators? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 20, 89-90 (refereed abstract of paper presented at Annual Meetings).

1995 Identifying Rice (Orza sativa), Poaceae, thorough Phytolith Analysis (junior author with Deborah M. Pearsall, Dolores R. Piperno, Elizabeth H. Dinan, Marcelle Umlauf, and Zhijun Zhao), The Journal of Economic Botany 19:185-196.

1995 A Methodology for Combining Cognitive and Behavioral Research: The Lari Soils Project in Peru, (junior author with David Guillet, Louanna Furbee, and Jon Sandor) , pp. 71-81 . In Indigenous Knowledge Systems: The Cultural Dimension of Development, ed. by M. Warren, J. Slikkerveer, and D. Brokensha

1994 Program Congruence, Fortran Program, is now available in Anthropac 4.7X, Professional Edition, Irvine, Analytic Technologies. (Abstract). Note: This algorithm was earlier modified to become part of Gowerplot (3), by S. E. Hartman.

1994 A Beginning Guide to Expert Systems: II. Implicit Knowledge (junior author with Louanna Furbee), CAM 6:3-4.

1994 Iterative Improvement of Missing Data Estimates (junior author with B. Holt) American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 18, 109-110 (refereed abstract of paper presented at Annual Meetings).

1993 A Beginning Guide to Expert Systems: I. Knowledge Trees (senior author with Louanna Furbee), CAM 5:10-12.

1993 The Effects of Diagenesis on the Paloma Skeletal Material (junior author with Jeremy Edward). In Sanford, Mary K. (ed.); Investigations of Ancient Human Tissue: Chemical Analyses in Anthropology. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach, pp. 183-268.

1992 Representing Partly Shared Knowledge in Expert Systems of Terrace Agricultural Systems (senior author with Louanna Furbee), Proceedings of IFAC Workshop on Expert Systems in Agriculture, pp. 35-41, International Academia Publisher, Huangshan, China.

1992 The Value of Expert Systems in Improving Agricultural Production in China, the Institute of Intelligent Machines, Academica Sinica, Heifei, P.R. China. REPORT.

1991 Leaf Music (poem) Anthropology and Humanism 16:107.

1991 The Principal Axis Method for Measuring Rate and Amount of Dental Attrition: Estimating Juvenile or Adult Tooth Wear from Unaged Adult Teeth (senior author with Daniel S. Edwards), Dental Anthropology, ed. by M. Kelly and Clark Larson, Riss, Ch. 18, pp. 325-340.

1991 Cognitive Factors Influencing Women to Seek Care during Pregnancy (third author with Fisher, Mary Jo, Bernard Ewigman, James Campbell, Louanna Furbee, and Steven Zweig), Family Medicine 23:443-426 (with Editorial).

Invited Presentations, Organizer (* = international):

*2001 El Proyecto Paloma dispues de 25 Años. XIII Congreso Peruano y La Cultura Andina, Lima.

* 2001 (Senior author with Joseph Vradenburg) Enfermidades del Formativo, Mesa Redonda El Origén de los civilizaciónes Andenas, . XIII Congreso Peruano y La Cultura Andina, Lima.

*2001 El Proyecto Paloma dispues de 25 Años. XIII Congreso Peruano y La Cultura Andina, Lima.

* 2001 (Senior author with Joseph Vradenburg) Enfermidades del Formativo, Mesa Redonda El Origén de los civilizaciónes Andenas, . XIII Congreso Peruano y La Cultura Andina, Lima.

2001 Cambio de Clima y Cambios de Sociedádes, San Marcos Archaeology Series, Lima.

2001 Adjustments to Agriculture in Early Farming Communities of Northeast China (junior author with Ekaterina A. Pechenkina), presented to a symposium, Adjustments to Coastal Environments, organized by myself and Michael J. Dietz, American Association of Physical Anthropology Meetings, Washington DC.

2001 The Paloma Project: A Demonstration of Bioarchaeological, Paleoethnobotanical, Zooarchaeological, Archaeological, and Paleoclimatological Conscilience (senior author with Deborah M. Pearsall and Elizabeth J. Reitz), invited a symposium, Beyond Midden and Mollusc: Bioarchaeology of Coastal Adaptation, Dale L. Hutchinson, organizer, Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Orleans.

2001 Within Family Adjustments in Prehistoric Coastal Peru Plastic and Enduring: 100 Years of Studies of Past Lives and Past Histories, Symposium organized by Ekaterina Pechenkina and chaired by me at the American Anthropological Association Meetings, Washington D.C.

*1999 The Central Coast: A Neomalthusian Reconstruction of Peruvian Cultural Evolution, in an invited symposium to the American Anthropological Association, Diachronic Changes in Human Adjustment: New World Island and Coastal Ecosystems, R. A. Benfer, Jr., and Julie Farnum, organizers.

* 1998 Heritability of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Dermatoglyphic Traits (junior author with Ekaterina Petchenkina), International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Williamsburg, Virginia

1998 The Paleoepidemiological Approach to Understanding the Collapse of the First Peruvian Polities: Amazonian Origins of West Coast Epidemics (junior author with Joseph A. Vradenburg), invited for Reviewed Symposium: Perspectives on Disease in Past Populations: Paleoepidemiology Reconsidered, Mary Kaye Sanford, organizer, David S. Weaver, Chair, American Anthropological Association Meetings, Philadelphia.

*1998 Community Knowledge and Farming in the Colca Valley of the Andes (junior author with Louanna Furbee) , International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Williamsburg, Virginia

*1998 Ponente, El Periodo Archaico en El Perú : Hacia una defnició n de los orí genes, II Simposia Internacional de Arqueologia, Pontifica Universidad Catolica Del Peru, Lima.

1998 Sican Population and Mortuary Practice: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective, Izumi Shimada, Robert A. Benfer, Jr. , Robert Corruccini, and Kazuharu Mine, paper presented to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Seattle, WA.

1998 Aplicaciones del Aná lisis Multivariado en Arqueologí a, Curso Taller Nacional Sobre Technicas Analiticas en Arqueologí a, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima.

*1998 Biographical Stories: Parental Investment and the Health of children in Prehistory, (first author with Ekaterina Petchenkina), International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Williamsburg, Virginia

1997 Principal Discussant, New Directions for Biological Anthropology, Invited Session, American Anthropological Association.

*1995 Chair of Session, Knowledge Acquisition, Pacific Asian Conference in Expert systems, Huang-Shan, P.R. China (presented an invited paper Multiple Linear Discriminant Function, Multidimensional scaling, and Individual Pathways for Developing Knowledge Based Systems).

1994 Evaluating Archaeological Hypotheses of Population Growth and Decline on the Central Coast of Peru (second author with Joseph A. Vradenburg and Lisa Sattenspiel), invited paper to the Paleodemography and Archaeology symposium at Univ. of Southern Illinois, Carbondale.

1993 The Centrality of BioArchaeology: Andean Instances, paper presented to the Society for American Archaeology meetings in a symposium that I organized.

*1992 Representing Partly Shared Knowledge in Expert Systems of Terrace Agricultural Systems, invited paper to a session I chaired at the IFAC Workshop on Expert Systems in Agriculture, Huangshan, P.R. China.

*1991 Bioanthropology Foundation and National Museum of Anthropology of Peru; presentation on bone chemistry, presentation on biostatistics; leader in week-long workshop on prehistoric diet in Lima, Perú .

1991 19th Midwest Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory Conference (co-organizer with Deborah Pearsall and Alice Benfer), Columbia, MO.

Other Selected Papers Presented (* = international)

2002 Capturing and Representing Expert Knowledge in Skeletal Analysis, Max Plank Paleodemography Workshop, Rostock, Germany.

2002 Formal Methods in Ethnopedology (junior author with Louanna Furbee), Fourth Brazilian Meeting of Ethnoecology and Ethnobiology, Recife, Brasil.

2002 Combining Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches in Ethnoscientific Reesearch, three day workshop presented to the Fourth Brazilian Meeting of Ethnoecology and Ethnobiology, Recife, Brasil.

2001 The Paloma Project: A Demonstration of Bioarchaeological, Paleoethnobotanical, Zooarchaeological, Archaeological, and Paleoclimatological Conscilience (senior author with Deborah M. Pearsall and Elizabeth J. Reitz), in a symposium, Beyond Midden and Mollusc: Bioarchaeology of Coastal Adaptation, Dale L. Hutchinson, organizer, Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Orleans,.

2001 Coastal Adustments to the End of the Holocene Climatic Optimum (senior author with Ekaterina A. Pechenkina), in a symposium, Adjustments to Coastal Environments, Michael J. Dietz and Robert A. Benfer, Jr., Organizers and Chairs, American Association of Physical Anthropology meetings, Kansas City.

2000 Pechenkina EA, Benfer RA Jr. Adjustments to agriculture in early farming communities of northeast China. Amer. J. of Phys. Anthropol. Supplement 30:248 (paper presented to the AAPA Meetings).

2000 Changing Parental Investment in the Holocene in Coastal Perú and Northern China, 28th Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Fort Wayne, Indiana.

1998 El Quehacer de la Antropologica Fisica: Presente y Futuro, Escuela Profesional de Arqueologia y Antropologia, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima.

1998 Diet and Health in the Peruvian Cotton Preceramic and Initial Periods: Asia and Cardal, Julie Farnum, Ekaterina Petchenkina and Robert A.Benfer, Jr. , paper presented to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Seattle, WA.

1998 Ethnic Diversity in The Early Intermediate: The Skeletal Evidence from Villa Salvador, Ekaterina Petchenkina, Mercedes Delgado and Robert A. Benfer, Jr. , paper presented to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Seattle,WA

1998 Delineating the Inequalities of Urbanism:The Skeletal Biology of the Early Intermediate, Joseph A. Vradenburg, Ekaterina Petchenkina, and Robert A. Benfer, Jr., Society for American Archaeology, Seattle, Washington.

*1997 The Virtual Environment as an Agent of Change, EDUCOM '97 (senior author with Gail Ludwig and Bryan Carter), Minneapolis, October, 1997.

*1997 La Realidá d Virtuá l y la Arqueoló gia: El Proyecto PalomaMundo, Villa Real University, Lima, Perú .

1996 A Virtual Reality Front End to the Paloma Archaeological Knowledge-Base, Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Orleans, May, 1996.

*1996 What to do about Missing Data: Delete, Substitute, Regress, or Iterate? (junior author with Brigitte M. Holt), 10th Congress of the European Anthropological Association, Brussels.

1996 Logic-based Estimate of Age from Skeletal Elements, Amer. Academy of For. Sci., Nashville (presented on my behalf by Alexander Robling).

1996 Trace Elements in Archaeological Bone: Current Research Involving Reconstruction of Prehistoric Diet, Health, and Diagenesis (second author with Julie Farnum, M. K. Sanford, and M. D. Glascock, Workshops in Archaeometry, Buffalo.

1996 A Virtual Reality Front End to the Paloma Archaeological Knowledge-Base, Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Orleans.

1996 Disease and Social Collapse in the Initial Period of Central Coastal Peru
(senior author with Joseph Vradenburg, Krystoff Makowski, and Mercedes Delgado), Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Orleans.

1996 Comparisons of Dimension of Trace Elemental Distribution in Archaeological Human Bones (second author with J. F. Farnum and M. K. Sanford, Archaeometry meetings, Urbana, IL.

*1995 Bioindicaciones, paper presented to the Anthropology Colloquim, San Marcos University, February, 1995, Lima, Perú .

1995 Chemical and Dental Estimates of Weaning Age for Paloma, Peru (with Julie Farnum, senior author), 23rd Annual Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Chicago.

1995 The Basket Household: Life and Death at the Residence of an Extended Family, Paloma, Chilca Valley, Peru, 23rd Annual Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Chicago.

*1994 Poblacion y Demografí a en Sitio Paloma, Escuela de Arqueologí a, San Marcos University, Lima, Perú .

1994 Iterative Improvement of Missing Data Estimates (junior author with Brigitte Holt), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 54th Annual Meetings, Seattle.

1994 Preference for Indigenous or Western Curing by Herders of the Southern Andes, National Symposium on Indigenous Knowledge, Tampa, Florida.

1993 Identifying Crops through Phytolith Analysis, junior author with Deborah Pearsall and Delores Piperno), presented to symposium "The Origins of Agriculture," at the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meetings.

1993 Prolonged Virginity in the Coastal Peruvian Preceramic: The Economic Importance of (Fisher)women in the Early stages of Andean Civilization, paper presented to the 21st Annual Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory.

1993 Expert Systems in Agriculture (with Louanna Furbee), MU Agricultural Economic Colloquium, February, 1993.

1993 How Selectionist Explanations Applied to Archaeology Can Be Validated, part 1 of two part presentation (with Mark Flinn) "Can Ideas be Usefully Treated as Like Genes for the Explanation of Human Culture?" to the Department of Anthropology Lecture Series.

1992 Logic Processing, a Solution to Under-determination of Archaeological Explanations, presented to the symposium South American and Mesoamerican Archaeology, which I chaired, at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Pittsburgh.

1992 A Better Foundation for Archaeological Knowledge: An Expert System CD-ROM Site Report for Paloma, Peru, paper presented to the 20th Midwest Andean Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Urbana-Champaign.

1992 Linguistic Methods for Developing Concept Trees (junior presented with Louanna Furbee), Medical Informatics and Expert Systems Presentations, University of Missouri-Columbia.

1992 Continuing Ethnobotanical Research at Paloma and Tres Ventanas, Perú (junior author with Deborah Pearsall), paper presented to the 20th Midwest Andean Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Urbana-Champaign.

*1991 Knowledge Acquisition and Knowledge Representation, invited paper for Expert Systems for Social Applications, World Congress on Expert Systems, Orlando.

1991 Overlap of Lomas and River Valley Preceramic Occupations: 1990 Salvage Excavations at Paloma, Chilca Valley, Peru, paper presented to the 19th Midwest Andean Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, Bloomington.

1991 Expert Systems as an Aid to Interpreting Data from Semi-Structured Interviews (senior author with L. Furbee, G. McKinney, M.J. Fisher, B. Ewigman, J. Campbell, and S. Zweig), paper presented to the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology, Charleston.

1991 Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory, organized with Deborah M. Pearsall and Alice N. Benfer, University of Missouri.

Book Review

1996 Mortuary Practices and Skeletal Remains at Teotihuacán, by M. L. Sempowski and M. W. Spence, Latin American Antiquity 7:378-380.